https://my-blog-p39q.vercel.app/tags/vim/ Recent content in Vim on huluhuluu Hugo -- gohugo.io zh Sat, 28 Mar 2026 13:00:00 +0800 https://my-blog-p39q.vercel.app/p/vim-commands/ Sat, 28 Mar 2026 13:00:00 +0800 https://my-blog-p39q.vercel.app/p/vim-commands/ <h1 id="vim-常用命令备忘">Vim 常用命令备忘 </h1><p>Vim 日常开发中最常用的命令速查，包括模式切换、移动、编辑、搜索、窗口管理等。</p> <h2 id="1-模式切换">1. 模式切换 </h2><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>i</code></td> <td>在光标前插入</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>I</code></td> <td>在行首插入</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>a</code></td> <td>在光标后插入</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>A</code></td> <td>在行尾插入</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>o</code></td> <td>在下方新建一行并插入</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>O</code></td> <td>在上方新建一行并插入</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>v</code></td> <td>进入可视模式（字符选择）</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>V</code></td> <td>进入可视模式（行选择）</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>Ctrl-V</code></td> <td>进入可视模式（块选择）</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>Esc</code> / <code>Ctrl-[</code></td> <td>退出当前模式</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>:</code></td> <td>进入命令模式</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="2-光标移动">2. 光标移动 </h2><h3 id="21-基本移动">2.1 基本移动 </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>h</code> / <code>j</code> / <code>k</code> / <code>l</code></td> <td>左 / 下 / 上 / 右</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>w</code></td> <td>移动到下一个单词开头</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>W</code></td> <td>移动到下一个空格分隔的单词</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>b</code></td> <td>移动到上一个单词开头</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>B</code></td> <td>移动到上一个空格分隔的单词</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>e</code></td> <td>移动到当前单词末尾</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>E</code></td> <td>移动到空格分隔的单词末尾</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="22-行内移动">2.2 行内移动 </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>0</code></td> <td>移动到行首</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>^</code></td> <td>移动到行首第一个非空字符</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>$</code></td> <td>移动到行尾</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>f{char}</code></td> <td>向后查找字符并跳转</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>F{char}</code></td> <td>向前查找字符并跳转</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>t{char}</code></td> <td>向后查找字符并停在其前</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>T{char}</code></td> <td>向前查找字符并停在其后</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>;</code></td> <td>重复上次 f/F/t/T</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>,</code></td> <td>反向重复上次 f/F/t/T</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="23-文件内移动">2.3 文件内移动 </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>gg</code></td> <td>移动到文件开头</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>G</code></td> <td>移动到文件末尾</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>{n}G</code></td> <td>跳转到第 n 行</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>{</code></td> <td>跳转到上一段落</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>}</code></td> <td>跳转到下一段落</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>%</code></td> <td>跳转到匹配的括号</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>Ctrl-O</code></td> <td>跳转到上一个位置</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>Ctrl-I</code></td> <td>跳转到下一个位置</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>gd</code></td> <td>跳转到局部定义</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>gD</code></td> <td>跳转到全局定义</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="3-编辑操作">3. 编辑操作 </h2><h3 id="31-删除">3.1 删除 </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>x</code></td> <td>删除当前字符</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>X</code></td> <td>删除前一个字符</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>dw</code></td> <td>删除一个单词</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>d$</code> / <code>D</code></td> <td>删除到行尾</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>d0</code></td> <td>删除到行首</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>dd</code></td> <td>删除整行</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>{n}dd</code></td> <td>删除 n 行</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>d{motion}</code></td> <td>删除到 motion 指定位置</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>dG</code></td> <td>删除到文件末尾</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>dgg</code></td> <td>删除到文件开头</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="32-复制与粘贴">3.2 复制与粘贴 </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>yy</code></td> <td>复制整行</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>{n}yy</code></td> <td>复制 n 行</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>yw</code></td> <td>复制一个单词</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>y$</code></td> <td>复制到行尾</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>y{motion}</code></td> <td>复制到 motion 指定位置</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>p</code></td> <td>在光标后粘贴</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>P</code></td> <td>在光标前粘贴</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>&quot;{reg}p</code></td> <td>粘贴指定寄存器内容</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="33-修改">3.3 修改 </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>r{char}</code></td> <td>替换当前字符</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>R</code></td> <td>进入替换模式</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>cw</code></td> <td>修改单词</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>c$</code> / <code>C</code></td> <td>修改到行尾</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>cc</code></td> <td>修改整行</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>s</code></td> <td>删除字符并进入插入模式</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>S</code></td> <td>删除整行并进入插入模式</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="34-其他编辑">3.4 其他编辑 </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>u</code></td> <td>撤销</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>Ctrl-R</code></td> <td>重做</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>.</code></td> <td>重复上次操作</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>J</code></td> <td>合并当前行和下一行</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>&gt;&gt;</code></td> <td>增加缩进</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>&lt;&lt;</code></td> <td>减少缩进</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>==</code></td> <td>自动缩进</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>gg=G</code></td> <td>全文自动缩进</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>gu{motion}</code></td> <td>转为小写</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>gU{motion}</code></td> <td>转为大写</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="4-搜索与替换">4. 搜索与替换 </h2><h3 id="41-搜索">4.1 搜索 </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>/pattern</code></td> <td>向下搜索</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>?pattern</code></td> <td>向上搜索</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>n</code></td> <td>下一个匹配</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>N</code></td> <td>上一个匹配</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>*</code></td> <td>搜索光标下的单词（向下）</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>#</code></td> <td>搜索光标下的单词（向上）</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>:noh</code></td> <td>取消搜索高亮</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="42-替换">4.2 替换 </h3><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span><span class="lnt">5 </span><span class="lnt">6 </span><span class="lnt">7 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-vim" data-lang="vim"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c">&#34; 基本格式</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">:</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="sr">/old/</span><span class="nx">new</span>/ <span class="c">&#34; 替换当前行第一个</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">:</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="sr">/old/</span><span class="nx">new</span>/<span class="nx">g</span> <span class="c">&#34; 替换当前行所有</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">:</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="sr">/old/</span><span class="nx">new</span>/<span class="nx">gc</span> <span class="c">&#34; 替换当前行所有（确认）</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">:</span>%<span class="nx">s</span><span class="sr">/old/</span><span class="nx">new</span>/<span class="nx">g</span> <span class="c">&#34; 全文替换</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">:</span>%<span class="nx">s</span><span class="sr">/old/</span><span class="nx">new</span>/<span class="nx">gc</span> <span class="c">&#34; 全文替换（确认）</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">:</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nx">m</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="sr">/old/</span><span class="nx">new</span>/<span class="nx">g</span> <span class="c">&#34; 第 n 到 m 行替换</span> </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><table> <thead> <tr> <th>标志</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>g</code></td> <td>替换所有匹配</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>c</code></td> <td>每次替换前确认</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>i</code></td> <td>忽略大小写</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>I</code></td> <td>区分大小写</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="5-可视模式">5. 可视模式 </h2><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>v</code></td> <td>字符选择</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>V</code></td> <td>行选择</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>Ctrl-V</code></td> <td>块选择</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>o</code></td> <td>移动光标到选择区域另一端</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>gv</code></td> <td>重新选择上次选中的区域</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="6-文件操作">6. 文件操作 </h2><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>:w</code></td> <td>保存</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>:w file</code></td> <td>另存为</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>:q</code></td> <td>退出</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>:q!</code></td> <td>强制退出（不保存）</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>:wq</code> / <code>:x</code> / <code>ZZ</code></td> <td>保存并退出</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>:e file</code></td> <td>打开文件</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>:e!</code></td> <td>放弃修改重新加载</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>:r file</code></td> <td>读入文件内容到当前位置</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>:saveas file</code></td> <td>另存为并切换到新文件</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="7-折叠">7. 折叠 </h2><table> <thead> <tr> <th>命令</th> <th>说明</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>zf{motion}</code></td> <td>创建折叠</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>zd</code></td> <td>删除折叠</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>zo</code></td> <td>打开折叠</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>zc</code></td> <td>关闭折叠</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>za</code></td> <td>切换折叠状态</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>zR</code></td> <td>打开所有折叠</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>zM</code></td> <td>关闭所有折叠</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>zE</code></td> <td>删除所有折叠</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="8-常用配置">8. 常用配置 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1 </span><span class="lnt"> 2 </span><span class="lnt"> 3 </span><span class="lnt"> 4 </span><span class="lnt"> 5 </span><span class="lnt"> 6 </span><span class="lnt"> 7 </span><span class="lnt"> 8 </span><span class="lnt"> 9 </span><span class="lnt">10 </span><span class="lnt">11 </span><span class="lnt">12 </span><span class="lnt">13 </span><span class="lnt">14 </span><span class="lnt">15 </span><span class="lnt">16 </span><span class="lnt">17 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-vim" data-lang="vim"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c">&#34; ~/.vimrc 基础配置</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">number</span> <span class="c">&#34; 显示行号</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">relativenumber</span> <span class="c">&#34; 相对行号</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">tabstop</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="m">4</span> <span class="c">&#34; Tab 宽度</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">shiftwidth</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="m">4</span> <span class="c">&#34; 缩进宽度</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">expandtab</span> <span class="c">&#34; Tab 转空格</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">autoindent</span> <span class="c">&#34; 自动缩进</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">cursorline</span> <span class="c">&#34; 高亮当前行</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">wrap</span> <span class="c">&#34; 自动换行</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">showcmd</span> <span class="c">&#34; 显示命令</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">wildmenu</span> <span class="c">&#34; 命令补全菜单</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">hlsearch</span> <span class="c">&#34; 搜索高亮</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">incsearch</span> <span class="c">&#34; 增量搜索</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">ignorecase</span> <span class="c">&#34; 搜索忽略大小写</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">smartcase</span> <span class="c">&#34; 智能大小写</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">set</span> <span class="nx">termguicolors</span> <span class="c">&#34; 真彩色支持</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">syntax</span> <span class="nx">on</span> <span class="c">&#34; 语法高亮</span> </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><hr> <h2 id="参考链接">参考链接 </h2><ul> <li><a class="link" href="https://www.vim.org/docs.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener" >Vim 官方文档</a></li> <li><a class="link" href="https://vim-adventures.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" >Vim Adventures</a> - 游戏学习 Vim</li> <li><a class="link" href="https://vim.rtorr.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" >Vim Cheat Sheet</a></li> <li><a class="link" href="https://neovim.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" >Neovim</a> - Vim 的现代分支</li> </ul>